UNTANUNTAN

TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNALTANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL

Ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah telah banyak dikaji dalam hukum tata negara perbandingan, terutama melalui model Jerman. Namun, kajian yang ada cenderung berfokus pada demokrasi yang telah terkonsolidasi dan mengasumsikan bahwa penguncian tekstual secara otomatis menghasilkan pembatasan konstitusional yang efektif. Hal ini menimbulkan kesenjangan penelitian mengenai unamendability dalam konteks demokrasi transisional. Artikel ini menawarkan perbandingan fungsional ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah di Indonesia, Jerman, dan Prancis dengan menganalisis sumbernya (tekstual atau yudisial), lingkup perlindungan, dan mekanisme penegakannya. Konteks Indonesia menawarkan kontribusi unik dengan menunjukkan ketegangan antara unamendability tekstual Pasal 37 ayat (5) UUD 1945 dan ketiadaan doktrin unconstitutional constitutional amendment. Selain itu, Pancasila memperlihatkan perbedaan penting antara unamendability yang bersifat hukum dan politik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemahaman unamendability sebagai praktik institusional, bukan sekadar teknik perumusan konstitusi.

This study addressed the central research questions of how unamendable provisions are conceptualised, the scope of constitutional values they protect, and which institutions function as their enforcers in Indonesia, Germany, and France.Through a functional comparative approach, the analysis demonstrates that unamendability operates not as a uniform doctrine, but as a constitutionally contingent mechanism shaped by historical experience and institutional design.The comparative findings show that the effectiveness of unamendable provisions depends on three interrelated variables.Germany represents a model of judicially enforced substantive unamendability, where Article 79(3) is actively upheld by the Federal Constitutional Court, including in the context of European integration.France reflects a textually limited and politically enforced model, while Indonesia illustrates a narrowly textual but weakly institutionalised form of unamendability, with enforcement resting primarily on parliamentary self-restraint rather than judicial review.The studys novelty lies in reframing unamendability as an institutional practice rather than a textual attribute, demonstrating that constitutional permanence is meaningful only when accompanied by an effective enforcement mechanism.By comparing a transitional democracy with consolidated constitutional systems, this research contributes to comparative constitutional law by highlighting how unamendable clauses function differently across stages of democratic consolidation.For Indonesia, the findings reveal a critical gap between formal constitutional entrenchment and practical enforceability.Article 37(5) protects only the unitary state form, while foundational principles such as Pancasila remain politically but not legally unamendable.This distinction exposes Indonesian constitutionalism to potential erosion through formal amendment processes lacking judicial oversight.Accordingly, this study recommends the adoption of a limited and exceptional doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendments by the Constitutional Court, confined to the protection of explicitly entrenched provisions and core constitutional identity.Such a development would strengthen constitutional resilience without undermining democratic legitimacy.In conclusion, the sustainability of Indonesias constitutional democracy depends not on expanding unamendable clauses, but on institutionalising credible mechanisms to enforce them, ensuring that constitutional identity functions as a legal constraint rather than a symbolic assertion.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dilakukan. Pertama, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai mekanisme pengawasan ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah dalam konstitusi Indonesia, terutama peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam mengawasi proses amendemen konstitusi. Kedua, penelitian dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisis bagaimana ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah diterapkan dalam konstitusi negara-negara lain, seperti Jerman dan Prancis, dan bagaimana mekanisme pengawasannya. Ketiga, penelitian dapat dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah dapat menjadi alat untuk melindungi identitas konstitusi dan nilai-nilai fundamental negara, serta bagaimana hal ini dapat diterapkan dalam konteks demokrasi transisional seperti Indonesia.

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Pages30
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