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Al Hikmah: Journal of EducationAl Hikmah: Journal of Education

Elementary education in Indonesia is characterized by diversity in approaches and curricula, influenced by social, cultural, and religious contexts. This study aims to compare the elementary education systems of public elementary schools, Islamic elementary schools, and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, focusing on curriculum and teaching methods. Public elementary schools follow the 2013 National Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum, emphasizing competency-based learning and a scientific approach, while Islamic elementary schools integrate Islamic values into these curricula, and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah highlights formal religious content as the core of education. This study employs a literature review method to analyze the structural differences and pedagogical approaches across the three school types. Findings reveal that, despite shared basic structures, significant differences exist in the prioritization of religious content, teaching methods, and curriculum flexibility. The discussion underscores the importance of character development and the relevance of education in the modern era. This research concludes with a call for curriculum harmonization that supports pluralism and pedagogical innovation to enhance the quality of elementary education in Indonesia.

This study confirms that public elementary schools, Islamic elementary schools, and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah exhibit significant structural and pedagogical differences in their curricula and teaching methods.Public elementary schools offer a uniform national approach, Islamic elementary schools balance religion and academics, while Madrasah Ibtidaiyah emphasize formal religious education.These differences reflect Indonesias educational diversity but also pose challenges in achieving equity and global relevance.Curriculum harmonization supporting pluralism, intensive teacher training, and infrastructure investment are necessary to enhance elementary education quality.This research recommends inter-institutional collaboration and pedagogical innovation to create an adaptive and inclusive education system.

Berdasarkan analisis terhadap latar belakang, metode, hasil, keterbatasan, dan saran penelitian lanjutan yang ada, beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dikembangkan adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efektivitas integrasi nilai-nilai agama dalam kurikulum sekolah Islam dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah terhadap perkembangan karakter siswa, dengan fokus pada pengukuran dampak terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah. Kedua, penelitian kuantitatif dapat dilakukan untuk mengukur perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa di sekolah umum, sekolah Islam, dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor sosioekonomi dan geografis yang mungkin memengaruhi hasil belajar. Ketiga, penelitian kualitatif dapat dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi guru dan siswa terhadap implementasi kurikulum Merdeka di berbagai jenis sekolah dasar, dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang dalam implementasi kurikulum tersebut. Ketiga saran ini saling melengkapi dan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang dinamika pendidikan dasar di Indonesia, serta menginformasikan kebijakan pendidikan yang lebih efektif dan inklusif.

  1. Primary Education in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis between Indonesia and Philippines School... doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i2.4817Primary Education in Southeast Asia A Comparative Analysis between Indonesia and Philippines School doi 10 35445 alishlah v16i2 4817
  2. Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Mendesain Pembelajaran pada Kurikulum Merdeka/ Teacher Competency... e-journal.staima-alhikam.ac.id/al-mudarris/article/view/954Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Mendesain Pembelajaran pada Kurikulum Merdeka Teacher Competency e journal staima alhikam ac al mudarris article view 954
  3. Comparative Study of Levels and Curriculum in Education Systems of Indonesia and Australia | Journal... doi.org/10.53621/jider.v4i6.421Comparative Study of Levels and Curriculum in Education Systems of Indonesia and Australia Journal doi 10 53621 jider v4i6 421
  4. Inclusive education’s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable... doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919Inclusive educationAos promises and trajectories Critical notes about future research on a venerable doi 10 14507 epaa 24 1919
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