UIN WALISONGOUIN WALISONGO

Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic MysticismTeosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism

Tapa, a form of Javanese asceticism, constitutes a longstanding tradition and a central element of spiritual life in Javanese society. This practice is frequently documented in Javanese literary works and is regarded as a significant cultural legacy. The present study analyses the concept of tapa in Raden Ngabehi Ronggowarsitos Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti, focusing on its relationship to Sufi teachings and its role as a process of spiritual discipline and moral transformation. The data were collected through documentation techniques and analysed using a descriptive-interpretive approach through content analysis. The results revealed that tapa is depicted as a systematic approach to self-discipline and moral refinement, with the objectives of attaining sastra cetha (manifest knowledge) and achieving manunggaling kawula Gusti (union of the servant with God). The text demonstrates parallels with Sufi teachings, including purification of the self (takhalli>), cultivation of virtuous character (tah}alli>), and the unveiling of veils for divine inspiration (tajalli>), ultimately culminating in spiritual union with God, as represented by the concepts of ittih}a>d and h}ulu>l.

This study demonstrates that Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti represents Sufi concepts through Javanese mystical terminology without diminishing the distinctive characteristics of either tradition.This representation is constructed through a systematic spiritual framework comprising Pupuh Dhandhanggula, which articulates the spiritual goals of sastra cetha and manunggaling kawula Gusti, and Pupuh Megatruh, which outlines the seven stages of tapa as the path to attaining those goals.This structure demonstrates that the spiritual journey presented in the serat is not merely a collection of independent teachings but a coherent process of inner transformation that unfolds progressively.The analysis based on the concept of maqa>ma>t reveals a clear correspondence between the stages of tapa and the process of spiritual transformation in Sufism.Tapaning djasad and tapaning budi represent the process of takhalli> through the purification of the self from blameworthy qualities, whereas tapaning hawa napsu, tapaning rasa sejati, tapaning suksma, tapaning tjahja umantjur, and tapaning urip represent tah}alli> through the cultivation of moral and spiritual virtues.Meanwhile, sastra cetha, as the spiritual goal of the journey, corresponds to tajalli, namely the unveiling of spiritual knowledge attained through the process of self-purification, which ultimately culminates in manunggaling kawula Gusti, the harmonisation of the human will with the Divine will.

The study of Javanese Sufism can be further enriched by exploring the representation of Sufi concepts in other works of Ronggowarsito or in different texts of Javanese mysticism. This comparative analysis could provide a deeper understanding of the synthesis between Islamic and Javanese traditions, shedding light on the unique form of spirituality that emerges from this cultural encounter. Additionally, future research could delve into the practical implications of these spiritual teachings, examining how they shape the daily lives and ethical practices of Javanese communities. By investigating the lived experiences of those who embrace these mystical traditions, researchers can gain insights into the transformative power of tapa and its role in fostering social harmony and personal growth.

  1. Riyadhah: The model of the character education based on sufistic counseling | Journal of Advanced Guidance... doi.org/10.21580/jagc.2020.1.1.5763Riyadhah The model of the character education based on sufistic counseling Journal of Advanced Guidance doi 10 21580 jagc 2020 1 1 5763
  2. The spirit of Islam in Javanese mantra: Syncretism and education | Pamungkas | HTS Teologiese Studies... doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8407The spirit of Islam in Javanese mantra Syncretism and education Pamungkas HTS Teologiese Studies doi 10 4102 hts v79i1 8407
  3. Javanese Asceticism in Serat Kalatidha | rahayu | International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious... doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i1.101Javanese Asceticism in Serat Kalatidha rahayu International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious doi 10 18415 ijmmu v5i1 101
  4. Tapa in Ronggowarsito's Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti (1802-1873): The Convergence of Javanese Mysticism... doi.org/10.21580/tos.v14i2.30175Tapa in Ronggowarsitos Serat Pamoring Kawula Gusti 1802 1873 The Convergence of Javanese Mysticism doi 10 21580 tos v14i2 30175
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