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Journal Sinektika: Jurnal ArsitekturSinektika: Jurnal Arsitektur Abstract

Studi ini mengeksplorasi konsep genius loci, yang merujuk pada roh atau esensi suatu tempat yang dibentuk oleh interaksi manusia dengan lingkungannya. Penelitian difokuskan pada kawasan bersejarah Kotagede di Yogyakarta, Indonesia, dengan menelaah bagaimana karakteristik arsitektural dan kultural yang khas dari dua gang yaitu Gang Rukunan RW 07 Purbayan dan Gang Rukunan RW 09 Purbayan yang membentuk identitasnya masing-masing. Gang Rukunan RW 09, yang juga dikenal dengan sebutan Between Two Gates, terkenal karena kelestarian arsitektur tradisional Jawa dan ruang komunalnya. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologis melalui observasi dan wawancara, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga aspek utama genius loci: citra, ruang, dan karakter. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Gang Rukunan RW 09 menonjol dengan arsitektur tradisionalnya, Gang Rukunan RW 07 yang mengalami transformasi modern tetap mempertahankan elemen penting identitas budaya melalui interaksi sosial warganya. Studi ini juga menyoroti tantangan modernisasi yang kerap mengancam kelestarian nilai tradisi dan integritas arsitektur. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya memahami dan menjaga genius loci kawasan bersejarah untuk memperkuat identitas komunitas dan warisan budaya di tengah tekanan perkembangan kota.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of preserving Genius Loci in urban areas facing the pressures of modernization.In the case of Gang Rukunan RW 07 and RW 09 Kotagede, the unique identities of these alleys have been shaped by the balance between cultural heritage and adaptation to contemporary needs.Through the lens of Norberg-Schulzs framework, image, space, and character, this study highlights the elements that underpin the Genius Loci of these two alleys.Gang Rukunan RW 09 is renowned for its well-preserved traditional Javanese architecture, including joglo-style roofs, wooden structures, and open courtyards.This careful attention to maintenance allows both visitors and residents to easily recognize and appreciate the areas rich cultural and architectural heritage.In contrast, Gang Rukunan RW 07, while retaining some traditional elements, has undergone modern alterations that make its original Javanese architectural identity less prominent, though still noticeable.The spatial configuration of these alleys significantly influences human experiences and interactions.Gang Rukunan RW 09 has transformed into a tourist destination, with communal spaces like the pendopo now serving tourists rather than local residents.On the other hand, Gang Rukunan RW 07 maintains a more traditional atmosphere, with residents engaging in relaxed social activities, such as chatting and playing, preserving the essence of local social life.The character of these alleys is defined by their cultural and historical narratives.Gang Rukunan RW 09 showcases traditional Javanese features, including the traditional bahu danyang, a pillar resembling a human shoulder carrying a burden.The predominant use of wood preserves the areas cultural roots.In contrast, Gang Rukunan RW 07 has transformed from its traditional Javanese aesthetic to a more urban and contemporary look, incorporating modern materials like concrete.Despite the challenges posed by urbanization, such as the conversion of cultural buildings into modern facilities, both alleys of Gang Rukunan RW 07 and RW 09 provide important insights into preserving cultural identity in an ever-evolving urban landscape.This study highlights that the genius loci of Purbayans alleys is sustained through a balance of three aspects.The image, reflected in traditional architectural elements such as joglo roofs, bahu danyang beams, and tadah alas terraces, provides a strong visual identity that anchors memory and recognition.The space, structured through narrow alleys, gates, and shared courtyards, facilitates and strengthens neighborhood bonds.The character, embodied in communal traditions and collective values, generates a sense of belonging that connects residents to their cultural roots.At present, Gang Rukunan RW 09 retains much of its traditional image and communal character, whereas Gang Rukunan RW 07, despite modern alterations, continues to preserve its social vitality through active interaction.Looking ahead, the increasing pressures of modernization may threaten both the physical integrity and social character of these spaces.If not consciously protected, their atmosphere could shift from living cultural environments to generic urban passages.Therefore, sustaining the genius loci of Purbayans alleys requires proactive preservation strategies that safeguard architectural identity, nurture social traditions, and anticipate future urban transformations, ensuring that these alleys remain vital testaments to Kotagedes heritage.

Future Research

Based on the findings of this study, there are several recommendations for future research and urban planning initiatives. Firstly, it is crucial to develop comprehensive heritage management strategies that go beyond physical conservation. Preserving the genius loci of historical areas requires a holistic approach that considers both the tangible and intangible aspects of cultural identity. This includes safeguarding architectural integrity, nurturing social traditions, and promoting community participation in heritage conservation efforts. Secondly, there is a need to explore innovative ways to integrate cultural heritage into modern urban life. The study highlights the challenges posed by modernization, such as the conversion of cultural buildings into modern facilities. Future research could focus on identifying successful models of adaptive reuse that balance architectural conservation with the vitality of lived culture. This may involve exploring creative solutions for repurposing heritage sites while maintaining their cultural significance and community relevance. Lastly, it is essential to foster community engagement and ownership in heritage preservation. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding and maintaining the genius loci to foster community identity. Future initiatives should prioritize community involvement, ensuring that heritage conservation efforts are driven by and benefit the local residents. This may involve collaborative planning processes, community-led initiatives, and the development of heritage-based tourism that supports local economies and promotes cultural exchange.

References

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