IAINSORONGIAINSORONG
Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi IslamTasamuh: Jurnal Studi IslamThe implementation of Islamic law in the Indonesian legal system is a complex issue involving the interaction between religious authorities, the state, and society. This research aims to analyze the dialectic between the theories of Receptio in Complexu (Islamic law applies automatically to Muslims) and Receptio a Contrario (Islamic law applies as long as it does not contradict custom) and its impact on the integration of Islamic law in the national legal framework. The research method used is library research with a theological-normative approach and contextual analysis, combining primary (legal texts, colonial documents) and secondary (journals, books) data. The results show that inconsistencies in the application of Islamic law, such as in the case of Bugis customary inheritance which contradicts the provisions of faraidh, reflect the tug-of-war between religious, customary and state authorities. The implications include legal uncertainty, regulatory dualism, and the potential for social disharmony. Islamic legal products such as the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and MUI fatwas have been recognized, but their application remains influenced by the socio-cultural context. To create harmonious integration, a benefit-based approach (istislahi), regulatory harmonization, and the active role of Islamic organizations and community leaders are needed. This research provides academic and practical recommendations to strengthen an inclusive national legal system, and encourages further research on the integration model of Islamic law based on maqashid sharia and local wisdom within the framework of Pancasila.
Berdasarkan pemaparan secara detail di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Hukum Islam menjadi bagian integral sistem hukum Indonesia, berwujud dalam fikih, fatwa, putusan pengadilan, dan peraturan perundang-undangan.Sebagai negara ber-Pancasila, Indonesia mengakomodasi nilai-nilai Islam melalui mekanisme demokratis, dengan tetap selaras dengan konstitusi.Produk seperti fatwa MUI, KHI, dan qanun Aceh menunjukkan implementasi praktisnya.Hukum Islam berfungsi sebagai sumber nilai yang memperkaya sistem hukum nasional, mencerminkan karakter Indonesia yang religius dan majemuk dalam bingkai NKRI.Penerapan hukum Islam di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan akibat tarik-menarik antara agama, negara, dan adat, yang memicu ketegangan sosial dan ketidakpastian hukum.Meski telah dilembagakan melalui KHI dan peradilan agama, praktik di masyarakat tetap banyak dipengaruhi tradisi lokal.Untuk mengatasi hal ini, dibutuhkan harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan lembaga hukum agama, literasi hukum berbasis maqashid syariah, dan fatwa kontekstual dari ormas Islam.Pendekatan istislahi menjadi kunci agar hukum Islam tetap relevan dan konsisten dalam sistem hukum nasional yang pluralistik.
Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terdapat beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dikembangkan. Pertama, perlu dilakukan studi mendalam mengenai efektivitas pendekatan istislahi dalam menyelesaikan konflik hukum antara hukum Islam, adat, dan hukum negara, khususnya dalam kasus-kasus waris dan perkawinan. Kedua, penelitian dapat difokuskan pada peran aktif organisasi masyarakat Islam (seperti NU dan Muhammadiyah) dalam memberikan panduan hukum yang kontekstual dan adaptif terhadap perubahan sosial. Ketiga, penting untuk meneliti bagaimana prinsip-prinsip maqashid sharia dapat diintegrasikan secara lebih sistematis dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, sehingga tercipta hukum yang adil, bermanfaat, dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Ketiga saran ini saling terkait dan dapat saling memperkuat dalam upaya menciptakan sistem hukum yang harmonis dan inklusif di Indonesia, di mana hukum Islam dapat berperan secara positif dalam memajukan keadilan sosial dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
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