POLTEKKES SMGPOLTEKKES SMG

Midwifery and Nursing ResearchMidwifery and Nursing Research

Infant mortality worldwide is primarily caused by asphyxia, pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria. In Indonesia, in 2020, there were 28,158 infant deaths, mainly due to congenital heart defects, accidents, diarrhea, and pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute lower respiratory tract infection (involving the alveoli) caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to respiratory distress and limited oxygen intake. Risk factors for pneumonia include inadequate exclusive breastfeeding, a history of prematurity, low birth weight, crowded living conditions, air pollution, incomplete basic immunization, malnutrition, and poverty. In 2017, there were approximately 120 million pneumonia cases worldwide, resulting in 1.3 million deaths. Pneumonia claims the lives of 100 children every hour.

The study demonstrates that the combination of chest physiotherapy and steam inhalation with aromatherapy is effective in improving sputum production, reducing respiratory rate, and increasing oxygen saturation in toddlers with pneumonia.Therefore, implementing this combination in nursing care is crucial.The research results indicate that the intervention had a significant impact on oxygenation status, including respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, with p-values of less than 0.The findings suggest that inhalation therapy using aromatherapy can reduce respiratory rate, improve oxygen saturation, and help thin mucus.Additionally, another study showed that patients with bronchopneumonia who underwent nebulization followed by chest physiotherapy experienced significant improvement in airway clearance, influencing respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.

To further enhance the management of pneumonia in toddlers, future research could explore the potential of combining chest physiotherapy and steam inhalation with aromatherapy as a holistic approach. This combination therapy has shown promising results in improving respiratory function and oxygenation status. Additionally, investigating the long-term effects of this intervention on toddler pneumonia recovery and exploring its impact on reducing the incidence and severity of pneumonia in developing countries could provide valuable insights. Furthermore, studying the specific mechanisms by which aromatherapy enhances respiratory clearance and oxygenation could lead to the development of targeted interventions. Finally, examining the cost-effectiveness of this combined therapy and its potential for implementation in resource-limited settings would be beneficial for policy-making and healthcare planning.

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