UIAUIA
VERITASVERITASThis study shows that there are no specific provisions regarding cannabis for medical purposes in Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. This situation strengthens the validity of Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics as the legal basis for prohibiting the use of Class I narcotics, including cannabis, for medical purposes. Furthermore, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health also does not explicitly regulate the use of cannabis for medical purposes, but instead delegates this authority to Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. In fact, Law Number 17 of 2023, as the basic norm for health care in Indonesia, should serve as the primary reference for other regulations based on health aspects. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no synchronization and alignment of regulatory direction between Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Similarly, Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, as the lex generalis in substantive criminal law, has the potential to eliminate or adjust the prohibition on the use of Class I narcotics, particularly marijuana for medical purposes, as stipulated in Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009. Based on the principle of lex posterior derogat legi priori, whereby a new law overrides an older law, Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code should be able to adjust this provision. The recommendation is for lawmakers to revise Article 611 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, taking into account the possibility of limited and controlled use of Class I narcotics for healthcare purposes, in line with medical needs and scientific developments.
The study concludes that two key aspects emerge from the Sanggau and Kupang District Court decisions regarding the use of marijuana for medical purposes.the necessity of obtaining proper authorization and the requirement of medical examination to validate its use as medicine.The formation of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning Health is rooted in the guarantee of the right to health for all citizens.Law Number 1 of 2023, despite employing an omnibus law approach, has not yet regulated the use of Class I narcotics for medical purposes, and should revise Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics based on the principle of *lex posterior derogat legi priori*.
Further research should investigate the potential for a comprehensive legal framework that explicitly addresses the medical use of marijuana, balancing public health concerns with individual rights. Specifically, studies are needed to assess the feasibility of establishing a regulated system for the production, distribution, and prescription of medical marijuana, mirroring successful models in other countries. Additionally, research should focus on the socio-economic impacts of legalizing medical marijuana, including potential benefits for patients, the healthcare system, and the economy, as well as potential risks such as increased rates of addiction or impaired driving. Finally, a comparative legal analysis of international jurisdictions with legalized medical marijuana could provide valuable insights for developing a tailored regulatory approach for Indonesia, considering its unique cultural and legal context. These studies should involve collaboration between legal scholars, medical professionals, policymakers, and community stakeholders to ensure a well-informed and evidence-based approach to policy development, ultimately aiming to improve patient access to potentially beneficial treatments while safeguarding public safety and well-being.
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