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ADPETIKISINDOADPETIKISINDO

Journal Moderation | Journal of Islamic Studies ReviewModeration | Journal of Islamic Studies Review Abstract

The debate on the maqashid of sharia between the approaches of Al-Shatibi and Yudian Wahyudi has significant implications for the development of ushul fiqh and Islamic law in Indonesia, both theoretically and practically. Indonesia, as a modern, pluralistic, constitutional, and non-religious nation-state, faces unique challenges in integrating Islamic values into the national legal system without falling into the trap of sharia formalism or extreme secularization. Theoretically, Al-Shatibis approach makes an important contribution to strengthening the methodological legitimacy of maqashid in the study of ushul fiqh in Indonesia. The istiqa framework and the hierarchy of maqashid (daruriyat, hajiyat, tahsiniyat) provide a relatively stable epistemological foundation that is acceptable across schools of thought. In an academic context, this framework serves as a normative anchor that prevents maqashi from being reduced to value-free ethical discourse. However, this approach needs to be criticized and further developed to avoid reproducing classical ushul fiqh. In the Indonesian context, characterized by democracy, legal pluralism, and modern socio-political dynamics, Al-Shatibis maqashid risks losing its analytical power if it is not contextually reconstructed. This is where Yudian Wahyudis theoretical contribution becomes relevant, particularly in establishing maqashid as a critical epistemological paradigm for historical fiqh products. Yudians approach encourages a shift in ushul fiqh from merely a science of derivation to a science of evaluation, namely a science that not only produces law but also assesses the justice, rationality, and relevance of that law in the context of the modern state. This theoretical implication is crucial for the development of ushul fiqh in Indonesia to avoid being trapped in the dichotomy between “normative Islamic law and “positive state law. Theoretically, the development of maqashid sharia in Indonesia demands a methodological synthesis: maqashid must remain rooted in the ushul fiqh tradition (as inherited by Al-Shatibi), but also be developed as an instrument of epistemological criticism of social and legal realities (as pioneered by Yudian). This synthesis paves the way for the emergence of contextual Indonesian ushul fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) with scientific legitimacy and social relevance. Practically, the debate on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (maqasid) has a direct impact on legislative practices, religious courts, and religious fatwas in Indonesia. In the realm of legislation, the maqasid approach contributes to national law without having to be embodied in the symbolic and formal form of sharia. The principles of protecting religion, life, intellect, property, and descendants can be translated into constitutional norms such as human rights, social justice, and general welfare.

Conclusion

Kajian perbandingan maqashid syariah antara Al-Shatibi dan Yudian menunjukkan bahwa maqashid bukanlah konsep statis, melainkan paradigma metodologis yang terus direkonstruksi.Al-Shatibi merepresentasikan fase kodifikasi klasik yang menekankan stabilitas normatif, sementara Yudian menghadirkan maqashid sebagai paradigma epistemologis kritis.Pendekatan Yudian membuka ruang dialog antara hukum Islam dan realitas negara modern, namun berpotensi subjektif.Pengembangan maqashid di Indonesia menuntut sintesis metodologis antara legitimasi tekstual dan daya kritis transformasional, sehingga hukum Islam dapat berperan aktif dalam pembangunan hukum nasional tanpa kehilangan identitas teologis.

Future Research

Berdasarkan analisis perbandingan pemikiran Al-Shatibi dan Yudian Wahyudi, terdapat beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dikembangkan. Pertama, perlu dilakukan penelitian mendalam mengenai bagaimana maqashid syariah dapat dioperasionalkan dalam perumusan kebijakan publik di Indonesia, khususnya dalam bidang hukum keluarga, ekonomi syariah, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dapat menggunakan metode studi kasus dan analisis kebijakan untuk mengidentifikasi praktik-praktik terbaik dan tantangan implementasi. Kedua, penting untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut relasi antara maqashid syariah dan konsep-konsep hukum modern seperti hak asasi manusia, keadilan gender, dan demokrasi. Penelitian ini dapat menggunakan pendekatan komparatif untuk membandingkan bagaimana maqashid diinterpretasikan dan diterapkan dalam konteks hukum yang berbeda. Ketiga, penelitian perlu difokuskan pada pengembangan model pendidikan ushul fikih yang mampu membekali mahasiswa dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kontekstual, dan reflektif terhadap maqashid syariah. Model pendidikan ini harus menekankan pentingnya dialog interdisipliner antara ushul fikih, ilmu sosial, dan filsafat hukum. Dengan demikian, diharapkan lahir generasi cendekiawan Muslim yang mampu berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam pengembangan hukum Islam yang relevan dengan tantangan zaman.

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