INABJINABJ

The Indonesian Biomedical JournalThe Indonesian Biomedical Journal

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, that heightens the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its pathophysiology stems from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, and genetic susceptibilities. Lifestyle modifications—such as adopting a Mediterranean or DASH diet, caloric restriction, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight—play a crucial role in preventing and managing MetS. Nutraceuticals, particularly polyphenols and caloric‑restriction mimetics, improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure and lipid levels, attenuate oxidative stress, and promote autophagy. When lifestyle changes are insufficient, pharmacologic therapy targeting hypertension, hyperglycemia, or dyslipidemia may be added. Early detection through waist circumference, blood pressure, and laboratory measurements, coupled with proactive management, is essential to mitigate the progression of MetS and its associated diseases.

Metabolic syndrome arises from visceral adiposity that releases pro‑inflammatory cytokines, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.Intervention through balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and nutraceuticals such as polyphenols can reduce inflammation, improve insulin sensitivity, and lower cardiovascular risk.Early diagnosis and combined lifestyle‑pharmacologic strategies are key to preventing the advancement of related complications.

1) Investigate the synergistic effects of plant‑based Mediterranean diet combined with a specific polyphenol supplement (e.g., resveratrol‑rich grape extract) on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in a multi‑ethnic cohort, addressing dose–response relationships and long‑term sustainability. 2) Conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing intermittent fasting (16/8 method) versus continuous caloric restriction in obese individuals with MetS to determine differential impacts on gut microbiota composition, circulating short‑chain fatty acids, and metabolic biomarkers, thereby refining personalized dietary recommendations. 3) Explore the feasibility of a multicomponent nutraceutical package—consisting of omega‑3 fatty acids, curcumin, and a probiotic strain—administered in a mobile health platform that tracks adherence and real‑time metabolic parameters, aiming to evaluate long‑term effects on Hepatic MAFLD progression and cardiovascular endpoints. These studies will expand current evidence, inform precision nutrition guidelines, and provide actionable data for clinicians managing MetS.

  1. Impact of Phenol‐Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the Postprandial Levels of Circulating microRNAs... doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000049Impact of PhenolyAAAaEnriched Virgin Olive Oils on the Postprandial Levels of Circulating microRNAs doi 10 1002 mnfr 202000049
  2. Lifestyle Modifications and Nutraceutical Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic... inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/3412Lifestyle Modifications and Nutraceutical Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic inabj index php ibj article view 3412
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