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Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi ReaksiJurnal Sains dan Teknologi Reaksi

Citronella oil is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) and is commercially obtained from the distillation of citronella leaves (Cymbopogon nardus L). Fragrant citronella leaves are one of the raw materials for obtaining vegetable oils in the form of essential oils. Essential oil is the main component consisting of composition in the form of geraniol and citronellal. The process of extracting essential oils can be done using various methods, one of which is the Vacuum Hydrodistillation method. The Vacuum Hydrodistillation method is carried out using a vacuum pump as a pressure guard and the boiling point of the distillation process does not exceed the boiling point temperature of water, which is 1000 C, so that the oil produced is maintained its purity. The vacuum hydrodistillation process of citronella was carried out for 3, 5, and 7 hours with each treatment using random and whole pieces of raw material. The resulting essential oil products were analyzed in the form of yield, density, refractive index and oil composition analysis using GC-MS. The best essential oil yields from citronella were obtained under operating conditions with random samples and distillation time of 5 hours. Where the yield produced is 0.17% with a refractive index of 1.41570 and a density of 0.92735 gr/ml.

In this study it can be concluded that the distillation of citronella oil by vacuum hydrodistillation method is very effective.Seen from the results of the analysis of essential oils obtained.For the best distillation time is 5 hours of distillation with random pieces.Geraniol in essential oils are usually used for making perfume.

Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terdapat beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dikembangkan. Pertama, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel bahan baku terhadap efisiensi ekstraksi minyak atsiri, dengan fokus pada analisis mikrostruktur sel daun citronella untuk memahami bagaimana ukuran partikel mempengaruhi pelepasan minyak. Kedua, penelitian dapat difokuskan pada optimasi parameter proses vakum hidrodistilasi, seperti tekanan vakum dan suhu, dengan menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal yang menghasilkan yield minyak atsiri tertinggi dan kualitas terbaik. Ketiga, pengembangan teknologi ekstraksi yang lebih inovatif, seperti penggunaan pelarut superkritis (supercritical fluid extraction) atau ekstraksi berbantuan ultrasonik, dapat dieksplorasi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan proses ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari daun citronella, serta mengurangi dampak lingkungan.

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