Publisher

POLTEKKESKUPANGPOLTEKKESKUPANG

Journal JURNAL INFO KESEHATANJURNAL INFO KESEHATAN Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Asia, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS substantially contribute to the regional TB burden, while multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to challenge TB control efforts. This study aimed to identify key factors associated with the high prevalence of TB in Asia and to highlight the need for integrated prevention and treatment strategies. A quasi-systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA-based screening procedures. Peer-reviewed articles and official health reports published between 2015 and 2024 were systematically searched and assessed. After screening and eligibility evaluation, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The results revealed consistent patterns indicating that diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of TB and worsens treatment outcomes, particularly in countries such as Indonesia, while HIV infection remains a major driver of active TB cases in Thailand and other high-burden settings. MDR-TB emerged as a critical regional threat, primarily associated with delayed diagnosis, limited laboratory capacity, shortages of trained healthcare personnel, and weak surveillance systems. Additionally, socioeconomic inequalities and inadequate healthcare infrastructure were recurrently identified as major barriers to effective TB control. In conclusion, reducing the TB burden in Asia requires a multifaceted and integrated approach addressing medical, social, economic, and health system factors. Strengthening diagnostic capacity, improving data reporting consistency, and enhancing regional collaboration are essential to achieving global TB elimination targets.

Conclusion

The factors influencing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Asia are highly complex and interrelated, encompassing socioeconomic disparities, comorbid conditions, environmental determinants, and systemic health challenges.Effective TB control in Asia requires an integrated, multisectoral approach that simultaneously addresses medical, social, and economic determinants.Priority should be given to managing comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS, improving living and environmental conditions, expanding equitable access to healthcare services, and strengthening national health systems.

Future Research

Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini, beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan dapat diajukan. Pertama, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami interaksi kompleks antara faktor sosial ekonomi, kondisi lingkungan, dan komorbiditas dalam memengaruhi risiko TB di berbagai wilayah Asia. Penelitian ini dapat menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk menggali lebih dalam pengalaman dan persepsi masyarakat terkait TB. Kedua, studi intervensi yang mengevaluasi efektivitas strategi terpadu dalam mengelola komorbiditas seperti diabetes dan HIV/AIDS pada pasien TB sangat penting. Penelitian ini harus mempertimbangkan aspek kepatuhan pengobatan, akses layanan kesehatan, dan dukungan sosial. Ketiga, penelitian inovatif yang berfokus pada pengembangan dan implementasi teknologi baru dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB, seperti penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) untuk analisis citra radiologi atau pengembangan obat anti-TB yang lebih efektif, perlu didorong. Penelitian ini harus memperhatikan aspek biaya, ketersediaan, dan penerimaan teknologi oleh tenaga kesehatan dan pasien. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian-penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bukti empiris yang kuat untuk mendukung pengembangan kebijakan dan program pengendalian TB yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan di Asia.

References

1. Journal of Family and Community Medicine. journal family community medicine doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_112_22Journal of Family and Community Medicine journal family community medicine doi 10 4103 jfcm jfcm 112 22
2. Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan,... doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1357Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan doi 10 1002 hsr2 1357
3. Prevalence and predictive factors of tuberculosis treatment interruption in the Asia region: a systematic... gh.bmj.com/content/8/1/e010592Prevalence and predictive factors of tuberculosis treatment interruption in the Asia region a systematic gh bmj content 8 1 e010592

Metadata

File size	542.81 KB
Pages	9
DMCA	Report