IJHPIJHP

International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with high prevalence and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disorders. This condition is often asymptomatic, leading many patients to be diagnosed only after complications arise. Therefore, information on the profile of hypertensive patients is essential for healthcare planning and complication prevention. This study aimed to identify the profile of hypertensive patients at RSUD Naibonat during 2023-2024. A retrospective descriptive design was employed. Data were obtained from medical records of outpatient hypertensive patients at RSUD Naibonat during the study period. Total sampling was applied, including 152 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Variables analyzed included age, sex, body mass index, and blood pressure grade according to the Indonesian Society of Hypertension. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequency distributions and percentages. Most hypertensive patients were elderly, particularly aged 67-76 years. Female patients outnumbered males. The majority had above-normal body mass index, predominantly type 2 obesity. Regarding blood pressure grade, grade 1 hypertension was most common, followed by isolated systolic hypertension and grade 2 hypertension. The profile of hypertensive patients at RSUD Naibonat during 2023-2024 was dominated by elderly individuals, females, and those with above-normal body mass index. These findings highlight the importance of early detection, risk factor management, and adoption of a healthy lifestyle to prevent hypertension progression and its complications.

The study concludes that hypertension predominantly affects the elderly population, particularly those aged 67-76 years.Furthermore, hypertension is more prevalent among female patients than males.Obesity, especially advanced obesity, is a significant risk factor for hypertension.These findings emphasize the importance of early detection, risk factor management, and lifestyle modifications to prevent hypertension progression and complications.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan dapat diajukan. Pertama, penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menggali lebih dalam faktor-faktor sosioekonomi dan perilaku yang berkontribusi terhadap prevalensi hipertensi yang lebih tinggi pada wanita, termasuk peran dukungan sosial dan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan. Kedua, studi intervensi yang berfokus pada perubahan gaya hidup, seperti program edukasi gizi dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pasien lansia, perlu dikembangkan dan dievaluasi efektivitasnya dalam mengendalikan tekanan darah. Ketiga, penelitian prospektif jangka panjang diperlukan untuk melacak perkembangan hipertensi pada pasien dengan berbagai tingkat obesitas dan mengidentifikasi biomarker yang dapat memprediksi risiko komplikasi kardiovaskular, sehingga memungkinkan strategi pencegahan yang lebih personal dan efektif. Penelitian-penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih komprehensif tentang hipertensi di Indonesia dan berkontribusi pada pengembangan program kesehatan yang lebih efektif.

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Pages8
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