JRTTJRTT

Journal of Railway Transportation and TechnologyJournal of Railway Transportation and Technology

Level crossings are critical for ensuring the safety of long‑distance railway operations. To maintain the reliability of these at‑grade crossings, their power supply systems are equipped with lead‑acid batteries. This study focuses on the battery charging system. A known effect of battery charging is temperature rise due to charge current flow. To resolve the charging time problem at level crossings, this research proposes Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC‑CV) method, which also regulates temperature to extend battery lifespan. Battery charging tests were conducted by comparing the CC‑CV and Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) methods, starting from the minimum battery voltage (11.72 V) until the voltage set point was reached. The results show that the SMPS method required 5 hours with an average charging temperature of 34.0 °C. In contrast, the CC‑CV method required only 2.1 hours with an average temperature of 35.4 °C. Therefore, the CC‑CV method can significantly accelerate the charging time while ensuring the temperature remains within the specified maximum limit. This shorter charging duration is expected to enhance the reliability and prevent service disruptions at level crossings.

Metode pengisian baterai CC‑CV yang dipantau suhu berhasil mengurangi waktu pengisian lebih dari 50 % dibandingkan metode SMPS (dari 300 menit menjadi 130 menit).Suhu maksimum baterai terjaga di bawah ambang 37 °C, sehingga tidak terjadi overheating.Dengan transisi fase CC ke CV, pengisian mencapai kapasitas penuh secara aman tanpa risiko overvoltage.Metode ini terbukti dapat meningkatkan keandalan sistem pasokan listrik pada level crossing, namun perlu diuji lebih lanjut pada berbagai jenis baterai dan kondisi operasional.

Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memanfaatkan pendekatan analisis data real‑time untuk mengoptimalkan strategi pengisian CC‑CV berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan, misalnya menyesuaikan arus awal dengan suhu ambient agar tetap aman dan efisien. Riset lain dapat menilai performa teknologi CC‑CV pada baterai jenis lain seperti sel asam aluminium atau baterai litium‑ion, untuk memverifikasi kehandalan serta potensi perpanjangan umur baterai di sistem transportasi publik. Selain itu, studi lapangan pada beberapa level crossing di wilayah dengan kondisi iklim berbeda akan membantu menentukan parameter pengisian optimal yang dapat diterapkan secara luas di seluruh jaringan kereta api.

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