UBUB

The Journal of Experimental Life ScienceThe Journal of Experimental Life Science

Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) Endophytic bacteria are used as an alternative biofertilizer to support soil health and plant productivity. This research aimed to isolate, analyze the potential, and identify the endophytic bacteria of Robusta and Arabica coffee plants as biofertilizer agents. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of coffee plants and tested for their potential to produce IAA, phosphate-solubilizing, and nitrogen fixation. Potential endophytic bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity. Total isolates from Robusta coffee consisting of ten IAA-producing bacteria, eight phosphate-solubilizing, and seven nitrogen fixation bacteria isolates. Total isolates from Arabica coffee roots were 12 isolates of IAA-producing bacteria, seven isolates of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and six isolates of nitrogen fixation bacteria. The highest potential of the isolate from Robusta roots was SS.E2 isolate to produce IAA 110.73 μg.mL-1; SS.P3 isolate to dissolve phosphate 4.42 μg.mL-1, and SS.N2 isolate to produce ammonium 3.15 μg.mL-1. The highest potential of the isolate from Arabica roots was SW.E9 isolate to produce IAA up to 257.16 μg.mL-1; SW.P5 isolate to dissolve phosphate up to 4,55 μg.mL-1; and SW.N6 isolate to produce ammonium up to 1.16 μg.mL-1. Isolates SS.E2, SW.E9, SS.P3, SW.P5, SS.N2, and SW.N6 were respectively identified as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Rahnella aquatilis B35, Kluyvera intermedia TPY16, Rahnella aquatilis B35, and Pseudomonas tolaasii NCPPB 2192. Potential PGP isolates can be developed as biofertilizer agents for the coffee plant.

Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that endophytic root isolates of Robusta and Arabica coffee can be developed as PGP agents.E9 isolates produced the highest IAA, identified as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579.P5 isolates showed the highest phosphate solubilization, identified as Rahnella aquatilis B35 and Kluyvera intermedia TPY16, respectively.N6 exhibited the highest nitrogen fixation and were identified as Rahnella aquatilis B35 and Pseudomonas tolaasii NCPPB 2192, respectively.

Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas konsorsium bakteri endofit yang teridentifikasi dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kopi di lapangan, dengan mempertimbangkan interaksi sinergis antar bakteri. Studi mendalam mengenai mekanisme molekuler yang mendasari kemampuan bakteri endofit dalam memproduksi IAA, melarutkan fosfat, dan fiksasi nitrogen, termasuk identifikasi gen-gen kunci yang terlibat, dapat membuka peluang untuk rekayasa bakteri endofit yang lebih efisien. Selain itu, penelitian perlu difokuskan pada pengaruh kondisi lingkungan seperti pH tanah, suhu, dan ketersediaan nutrisi terhadap aktivitas dan kelangsungan hidup bakteri endofit di rizosfer tanaman kopi, untuk mengoptimalkan aplikasi biofertilizer berbasis bakteri endofit secara berkelanjutan.

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