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Journal JOS | Universitas Jenderal SoedirmanJOS | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Abstract

The Aglaia species, which contains triterpenoids, is the most numerous in the Meliaceae family. Aglaia foveolata (A. foveolata) is a type of plant that has many benefits, as medicinal ingredients. The potential of this plant is inseparable from the content of various bioactive compounds. This study aims to isolate, characterize the active compound from the twigs of A. foveolata and test its activity as an antibacterial. Three dammarane-type triterpenoids were isolated from the A. foveolata twigs which is, namely dammar-24-en-3β,20-diol (1), an epimeric mixture of shoreic and eichlerianic acid (2, 3). Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic data using infrared, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and including one and two-dimensional NMR techniques, as well as through data comparison of the reported compound. Compound 1 was reported for the first time to be successfully isolated from this species. All these substances were tested for the first time for their antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through this study. Compound 1 was inactive, the epimeric mixture of 2 and 3 showed moderate antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 31.7 to 126.6 ppm, particularly against S. aureus with a MIC value of 31.7 ppm.

Conclusion

The study successfully isolated three dammarane-type triterpenoids from the twigs of Aglaia foveolata, including dammar-24-en-3β,20-diol (1) and an epimeric mixture of shoreic and eichlerianic acid (2, 3).Compound 1 was isolated from this species for the first time.The epimeric mixture of compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 31.

Future Research

Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari senyawa 2 dan 3 terhadap berbagai jenis bakteri patogen lainnya, termasuk bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik konvensional, guna mengeksplorasi potensi mereka sebagai agen antibakteri baru. Studi mendalam mengenai mekanisme aksi senyawa 2 dan 3 dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri perlu dilakukan, misalnya dengan meneliti interaksi senyawa tersebut dengan target molekuler pada bakteri, seperti dinding sel atau protein esensial, untuk memahami cara kerja mereka secara lebih rinci. Pengembangan formulasi yang meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas senyawa 2 dan 3, seperti penggunaan nanopartikel atau sistem penghantaran obat lainnya, dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas antibakteri mereka dan memungkinkan aplikasi klinis yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini dapat diperluas dengan menguji aktivitas sinergis antara senyawa 2 dan 3 dengan antibiotik lain yang sudah ada, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengobatan infeksi bakteri dan mengurangi risiko resistensi antibiotik.

References

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