CHEMOPREVCHEMOPREV
Indonesian Journal of Cancer ChemopreventionIndonesian Journal of Cancer ChemopreventionParijoto (Medinilla speciosa, Reinw. ex. Bl.), a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia, contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have the potential as an anticancer. Gold nanoparticle-based drug formulations are applied to increase the anticancer effectiveness of herbal medicines. The compounds in the stalk of parijoto have the potential to be bioreductor in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characterization, cytotoxic activity, and expression of protein caspase-9 after treatment with nanogold parijoto (AuNPs-PR) on HeLa cell. The nanogold biosynthesis process was done by reacting 1 mM HAuCl4 with parijoto aqueous extract (EP). Physicochemical characterization measure of particle size, Polydisperse Index (PdI), and zeta potential of AuNPs-PR was carried out using a particle size analyzer. The cytotoxic effect and viability cell of AuNPs-PR were carried out using the MTT assay. The expression of caspase-9 was observed by immunocytochemistry assay. Physicochemical characterization of AuNPs-PR shows that the particle size value is 160.8 nm with PdI and zeta potential values of 0.430 and -4.56 mV respectively. In the MTT assay, both AuNPs-PR and EP demonstrated a reduction in the viability of Hela cells after 24 h in a dose-dependent manner, yielding IC50 values of 3.28 μg/mL and 19.22 μg/mL, respectively. AuNPs-PR and EP showed low cytotoxic activity against Vero normal cells, with IC50 values of over 500 µM. Further, the immunocytochemistry assay indicated that there was upregulation of caspase-9 by their expression. These results indicate that AuNPs-PR could effectively induce apoptosis in HeLa cells by upregulating caspase-9.
The study demonstrates that AuNPs-PR exhibits potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells while showing minimal toxicity towards normal Vero kidney cells.The results indicate that AuNPs-PR can effectively induce apoptosis in HeLa cells by upregulating caspase-9 expression.These findings suggest that AuNPs-PR holds potential as a chemopreventive agent and may serve as an alternative approach for maintaining health in normal kidney cells.
Future research should investigate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects of AuNPs-PR on HeLa cells, including the signaling pathways involved in caspase-9 activation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and safety of AuNPs-PR in preclinical models of cervical cancer, assessing its potential for targeted drug delivery and minimizing off-target effects. Exploring the potential synergistic effects of AuNPs-PR with existing chemotherapeutic agents could lead to the development of more effective combination therapies for cervical cancer treatment, potentially reducing drug resistance and improving patient outcomes.
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