Publisher

STAIKUSTAIKU

Journal Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global IndonesiaGlosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia Abstract

Kidney transplantation in Indonesia remains very low (below 3%), despite a growing dialysis population, with 127,900 active patients and 134,057 hemodialysis cases recorded in 2024. Although organ commercialization is legally prohibited, conceptual uncertainty persists in both positive law and Islamic legal perspectives regarding the juridical status of living donor kidneys, affecting regulatory certainty and ethical safeguards in transplantation practice. This study examines whether a kidney separated from a living donor may be classified as an object of property under Indonesian law and explores alternative legal constructions that better reflect human dignity. This research employs a mixed-methods socio-legal approach, integrating doctrinal analysis of Indonesian health legislation, civil law, and Islamic fatwas with 20 semi-structured interviews, observations, and policy document review at a national referral transplant hospital. Indonesian law, bioethical principles, and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah consistently reject organ commercialization. Transplantation is legitimate only when conducted voluntarily, for therapeutic purposes, and on a non-commercial basis. As Indonesian regulations neither define the legal status of living donor kidneys nor establish structured donor protection, living donor kidneys should be classified as a sui generis legal entity — neither property nor a transferable commodity, but a specially protected biological entity under public law.

Conclusion

This article proposes classifying the living donor kidney as a sui generis legal entity — situated outside the traditional property regime yet within a framework of legal, ethical, and religious protection — offering a coherent normative foundation for transplant regulation and stronger donor protection.The study highlights the need for legislative amendments to explicitly codify the sui generis status of living donor organs and strengthen donor protection mechanisms.Ultimately, recognizing living donor kidneys as sui generis entities is essential for constructing a dignity-centered biomedical legal order.

Future Research

Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana kerangka kerja sui generis dapat dioperasionalkan di berbagai konteks sosio-legal di Indonesia, melibatkan pembuat kebijakan, otoritas regulasi, dan lembaga peradilan. Studi komparatif diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas regulasi dan perlindungan donor di berbagai negara dengan sistem hukum yang berbeda. Selain itu, penelitian perlu menyelidiki lebih lanjut dampak sosial dan budaya dari transplantasi organ, termasuk stigma yang terkait dengan donasi organ dan persepsi masyarakat tentang transplantasi, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan penerimaan publik terhadap donasi organ secara sukarela. Penelitian lanjutan juga dapat berfokus pada pengembangan protokol standar untuk skrining psikososial, verifikasi persetujuan independen, dan pemantauan pasca-donasi untuk memastikan perlindungan donor yang komprehensif dan mencegah potensi eksploitasi.

References

1. Hukum, Agama, dan Tubuh Manusia: Polemik Status Sui Generis Ginjal Donor Hidup di Indonesia | Glosains:... glosains.staiku.ac.id/index.php/Glosains/article/view/644Hukum Agama dan Tubuh Manusia Polemik Status Sui Generis Ginjal Donor Hidup di Indonesia Glosains glosains staiku ac index php Glosains article view 644

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