Publisher

UINSIUINSI

Journal MAZAHIBMAZAHIB Abstract

The question of how democratic states navigate religious aspirations remains central in Muslim-majority societies. In Indonesia, this relationship has followed a nonlinear trajectory shaped by political alliances, institutional asymmetries, and ideological transformations. This article explores how successive governments—from Habibie to Joko Widodo—have managed the complex intersection of Islam, democracy, and pluralism. Using a qualitative comparative approach, it identifies shifts in state strategies toward Islamic political expression, ranging from symbolic inclusion to legal restriction and bureaucratic regulation. The concept of contested accommodation is proposed to explain how Islamic norms have been selectively engaged, redirected, or constrained through evolving institutional mechanisms. While some administrations prioritized inclusive pluralism, others aligned with conservative religious agendas. Populist religiosity, transnational influences, and media amplification further shaped the policy landscape. The findings suggest that Islamic political expression in Indonesia is neither fully absorbed nor rejected, but continually renegotiated. Pluralism, in this context, is sustained not through ideological consensus but through ongoing recalibration within democratic institutions.

Conclusion

Indonesias experience demonstrates a continuous negotiation between Islam and democracy, shaped by regime strategies, legal constraints, and competing national visions.The state has adopted a contested accommodation approach, balancing symbolic inclusion with legal and bureaucratic regulation of Islamic political expression.This dynamic highlights the resilience of Indonesian democracy in navigating religious diversity, but also underscores the ongoing challenges to maintaining pluralism amidst shifting ideological alignments and societal pressures.

Future Research

Mengingat kompleksitas hubungan antara agama, demokrasi, dan masyarakat di Indonesia, penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana dinamika ini memengaruhi partisipasi politik kelompok minoritas dan perempuan. Selain itu, penting untuk meneliti peran media sosial dan platform digital dalam membentuk wacana publik tentang Islam dan nasionalisme, serta dampaknya terhadap polarisasi sosial. Terakhir, studi komparatif dengan negara-negara Muslim lainnya dapat memberikan wawasan berharga tentang strategi yang efektif untuk mempromosikan pluralisme dan toleransi dalam konteks politik yang beragam.

References

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2. Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 42/1 (April 2020) | ISEAS Publishing. contemporary southeast asia iseas... bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/2429Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol 42 1 April 2020 ISEAS Publishing contemporary southeast asia iseas bookshop iseas edu sg publication 2429
3. Communism Debated Again: The Muslim Response to the Idea of Revoking the 1966 anti-Communism in Post-Soeharto... studiaislamika.ppimcensis.or.id/index.php/studia-islamika/article/view/574Communism Debated Again The Muslim Response to the Idea of Revoking the 1966 anti Communism in Post Soeharto studiaislamika ppimcensis index php studia islamika article view 574

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