Publisher

UNUDUNUD

Journal Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies)Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Abstract

Balinese literature has a significant role in the context of how the Balinese have preserved their own cultural tradition up to now. Even though the Majapahit Kingdom in the fourteenth century strongly influenced the Balinese tradition in the past, it seems that the Balinese recently also look back at their cultural tradition prior to the period of the Majapahit influence. There are some crucial issues in relation to the above explanation: firstly, there have been widely debated on the issue around the origin of the Balinese tradition. On the one hand scholars argue that the origin of Balinese tradition is not started from the East Java period, but it was earlier than that it had been started prior to the period of the Majapahit such as the Middle Java period in the 8th to 9th century or, even, in the West Java Hindu tradition that also played a major role. However, others have not convinced with this argument; Secondly; due to globalization process, the Balinese perceive that the only way to anticipate the impacts of globalization is just to revitalize the local Balinese cultures by seeking at the Balinese literatures as the local sources like the babad, paswara, and awig-awig; Thirdly; to counter the negative impacts of globalization, the Balinese use their local cultural heritage so that they can maintain their cultural tradition that not based on Balinese tradition, but also the Javanese tradition. It is important to discuss such issue since the influences of pre and post Majapahit cultural traditions have indeed influenced the cultural identity of the Balinese. On top of this, to understand the concept of multiculturalism in the present day Bali, one needs to trace back the dynamic of interplay amongst arrays of cultural traditions that have affected the origin of multicultural society there.

Conclusion

The Balinese literature played a major role in the beginning of the 20th century.Before that period, it was even in the 9th to 11th century it is hard to find out any references about the Balinese literature.It is important to note that in the period of Udayana, a priest Mpu Bharadah sent Mpu Bahula to come to Bali to defeat the Calonarang that she was considered as very dangerous figure due to the black magic power.The development of Balinese literature strongly developed in the period of Kediri, the period of Airlangga the son of King Udayana who ruled East Java at that time.Until now, it can be observed, especially when we look at the story of the Balinese modern drama and dances based on the story of the Kediri historical background in the 10th to the 11th century.There was a story when a priest named Mpu Kuturan came to Bali in the period of Udayana.His role was very important when the conflicts between the Sriwijaya and East Java influences took place in Bali.At that time there was a chaotic situation when there was a competition between the East Java and Sumatra kingdom in Bali.It can be said that the Indonesia culture at the present day are actually rooted in the period of prehistoric, classical history, modern and post modern culture.The original concept of Tri Hita Karana is also well known until at the present day Balinese, meaning the balances between Man and God, Man and Natura, and between Man and Man.

Future Research

Berdasarkan penelitian ini, beberapa saran penelitian lanjutan dapat diajukan. Pertama, penting untuk meneliti lebih dalam bagaimana literatur Bali dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk mempromosikan dialog antar budaya dan pemahaman lintas agama. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis teks-teks kuno dan modern untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema universal dan nilai-nilai bersama yang dapat menjembatani perbedaan. Kedua, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi peran budaya Bali dalam menghadapi tantangan globalisasi, khususnya dalam hal pelestarian identitas lokal dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Studi kasus tentang inisiatif berbasis masyarakat yang menggabungkan pengetahuan tradisional dengan inovasi modern dapat memberikan wawasan berharga. Ketiga, penelitian kuantitatif dapat dilakukan untuk mengukur dampak program literasi berbasis budaya terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat Bali, termasuk aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Dengan menggabungkan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pemahaman tentang bagaimana budaya dapat memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.

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