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Communications in Science and TechnologyCommunications in Science and Technology

Melanoidin is a high molecular weight pigment that is problematic in agricultural wastewaters like palm oil mill effluent (POME). This study presents a novel approach combining a laccase-producing bacterial consortium primarily Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, immobilized on hydrothermally modified granular activated carbon (GAC) for efficient melanoidin degradation and simultaneous electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The hydrothermal modification of GAC enhanced bacterial immobilization and electron transfer, contributing to improved biodegradation performance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified a number of key degradation metabolites including silanediol, dimethyl; (1-methylethyl)benzene; limonene; and butylated hydroxytoluene, confirming an effective melanoidin breakdown. The system achieved 81.36 ± 1.07% melanoidin removal with electrochemical characterization that showed a maximum current density of 61.50 ± 1.98 mA/m² and power density of 1.51 ± 0.10 mW/m². These findings demonstrated the synergistic effect of hydrothermally modified GAC and the selected bacterial consortium offering a sustainable and innovative strategy for treating melanoidin-rich wastewater while recovering bioenergy.

This study successfully demonstrated the effective degradation of melanoidin from palm oil mill effluent using a laccase-producing bacterial consortium immobilized on hydrothermally modified granular activated carbon.The integration of this system with a microbial fuel cell enabled simultaneous electricity generation, presenting a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and energy recovery.These findings highlight the potential of this combined strategy for managing melanoidin-rich agricultural effluents and promoting a circular economy.

Future research should investigate the long-term stability and reusability of the immobilized bacterial consortium to assess its practical applicability for continuous wastewater treatment. Further studies could explore the optimization of the MFC design, including electrode materials and configurations, to enhance electricity generation efficiency and overall system performance. Additionally, research is needed to evaluate the potential for scaling up this integrated system for industrial applications, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness, operational parameters, and environmental impact. Investigating the influence of different types of agricultural waste on the performance of the system could broaden its applicability and contribute to a more sustainable waste management strategy. Finally, a comprehensive economic analysis should be conducted to determine the feasibility of implementing this technology on a larger scale, considering both the costs associated with system construction and operation and the potential revenue generated from electricity production and reduced wastewater treatment expenses.

  1. Melanoidin degradation and electric energy production from palm oil waste using immobilized laccase-producing... doi.org/10.21924/cst.10.1.2025.1700Melanoidin degradation and electric energy production from palm oil waste using immobilized laccase producing doi 10 21924 cst 10 1 2025 1700
  1. #rhizopus arrhizus#rhizopus arrhizus
  2. #microbial fuel cell#microbial fuel cell
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