UIN MALANGUIN MALANG

JIAJIA

The creativity and skill in producing architecture enhance spiritual values by using hidden concepts of mystery, symbolism, and mathematical laws. Therefore, spiritual architectural edifices are useful in terms of their needs, how to deal with them, and the contemplation. One of the examples is the golden dome in the architecture of the shrine of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Najaf, Iraq. It is a symbolic and sustainable environmental model. The research problem reveals the need for a relationship between the design of the dome windows and the sunlight entering the shrine room. This study aims to disclose the design creativity and environmental sustainability that Al-Bahai engineers create, which is a sustainable, luminous, traditional, and spiritual environment with high functionality that adds majesty and beauty to the pillars of the holy shrine. It adopts an analytical-experimental methodology by collecting information and data and establishing a theoretical base for a theoretical framework. Field investigations and photographs that confirm the results of the research problem were taken. This is reinforced by using astronomical mathematical laws.

The results demonstrate that the twelve golden dome windows possess both symbolic and luminous significance.The zenith angles varied from 34° in December to 81° in June.The path of sunlight through the windows reveals architectural creativity and sustainability, as these rays move throughout the year to illuminate the shrine room.These findings highlight the sustainable integration of architectural design with religious, doctrinal, and symbolic elements, aligning with the shrines social and cultural function.The architecture of the Imam Ali Shrine, designed by Al-Bahai in 1614 AD, exemplifies a harmonious blend of sustainability, spirituality, and cultural heritage.

Further research should explore the environmental sustainability of the Imam Ali Shrine from human and ideological perspectives, investigating the correlation with visitor experiences. Additionally, a study on the shrines ventilation and sustainable cooling systems is recommended. Developing virtual simulation programs could enhance understanding of design knowledge and astronomical engineering creativity for students. Investigating the potential for optimizing daylight utilization by removing obstructions to sunlight and raising decorations within the dome windows could improve the shrines energy efficiency. Finally, exploring the integration of traditional architectural principles with modern sustainable technologies could offer innovative solutions for preserving and enhancing the shrines spiritual and environmental qualities, ensuring its continued relevance for future generations. These studies will contribute to a deeper understanding of the shrines unique architectural and spiritual significance, while also promoting sustainable practices in religious heritage sites.

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  2. Comparing Religious Environmental Ethics to Support Efforts to Achieve Local and Global Sustainability:... mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/7/2590Comparing Religious Environmental Ethics to Support Efforts to Achieve Local and Global Sustainability mdpi 2071 1050 12 7 2590
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