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Journal Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi KlinikJurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Abstract

Eco-enzyme is a versatile liquid produced by fermenting organic material in molasses solution and has some potential antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the organic materials utilized were pineapple cores and lemon peels, which are typically discarded. Oral microbes, particularly Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, often develop antimicrobial resistance through their defense mechanisms by forming a polymeric layer known as biofilm. This biofilm, composed of polysaccharides, protects microbes from exposure to antimicrobial agents, allowing them to adapt and survive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of eco-enzymes derived from various organic materials. The assessment involved determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and conducting an antibiofilm assay. The eco-enzyme formulated with pineapple cores exhibited higher antimicrobial activity, with an MIC of 25% and an MBC of 50% against Streptococcus mutans. Additionally, the highest antibiofilm activity was observed in the eco-enzyme containing a specific organic matter combination, with values of 68526.23 ppm against Streptococcus mutans and 2235.30 ppm against Candida albicans. The IC50 value for all three eco-enzyme samples was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA statistical test, revealing significant inhibitory activity against biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans (p=0.023) and Candida albicans (p=0.002).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that all three eco-enzymes from pineapple core, lemon peel, and organic material combinations have antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 50% and Streptococcus mutans with an MIC value of 50%, except for the pineapple core eco-enzyme, which got an MIC value of 25% and an MBC value of 50%.All three eco-enzymes were beneficial for inhibiting biofilm formation, as seen from the one-way ANOVA statistical significance of 0.The results suggest that eco-enzymes can be a sustainable alternative for controlling oral microbial biofilms.

Future Research

Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi eco-enzyme, misalnya dengan variasi jenis buah dan rasio bahan baku, guna meningkatkan aktivitas antibiofilmnya. Studi in vivo pada model hewan atau manusia diperlukan untuk menguji efektivitas dan keamanan eco-enzyme sebagai agen anti-biofilm oral. Selain itu, penelitian perlu difokuskan pada mekanisme aksi eco-enzyme dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm, termasuk identifikasi senyawa aktif dan jalur molekuler yang terlibat, untuk pengembangan agen antibiofilm yang lebih efektif dan terarah. Penelitian lanjutan juga dapat mengeksplorasi potensi eco-enzyme dalam kombinasi dengan agen antimikroba konvensional untuk mengatasi resistensi antimikroba dan meningkatkan efikasi terapi. Pengembangan metode produksi eco-enzyme yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan juga perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan dan skalabilitas produksi.

References

1. Management of Streptococcus mutans-Candida spp. Oral Biofilms’ Infections: Paving the Way for Effective... doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020517Management of Streptococcus mutans Candida spp Oral BiofilmsAo Infections Paving the Way for Effective doi 10 3390 jcm9020517
2. The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents. three bacterial lines defense against... doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921711The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents three bacterial lines defense against doi 10 3390 ijms160921711
3. The Antibacterial Activity of Acetic Acid against Biofilm-Producing Pathogens of Relevance to Burns Patients... journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136190The Antibacterial Activity of Acetic Acid against Biofilm Producing Pathogens of Relevance to Burns Patients journals plos plosone article id 10 1371 journal pone 0136190

Subjects

1. #streptococcus mutans#streptococcus mutans

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