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Theoretically, judges have the ex-officio rights to protect the rights of women and children in divorce cases. This study examines the judges considerations in applying Ex officio rights associated with the plaintiffs profession as Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS, Indonesian Civil Servant) and non-civil servant. This normative legal research employed a case study and conceptual approach. The data collection techniques of this study were obtained from interviews, document content, and literature review. This study highlighted several essential points. First, the judges reasoning for applying ex-officio rights, which is referred to Article 41 paragraph (c) of Law Number 16 of 2019 and the Decree of the Chairman of the Supreme Court Number: KMA/032/SK/IV/2006 concerning the Enforcement of Guidelines for Administration of Justice in Court. Second, the judges decision did not contradict the Ultra Petita principle since the considerations are based on logical arguments and facts such as the husbands earning capacity, the wifes devotion, and the wifes loyalty. The legal basis of judges decisions on divorce cases involving civil servants is similar to ordinary divorce cases. The divorce case is only distinguished by the addition of the regulations concerning civil servants in the divorce case of civil servants.

The study concludes that judges considerations in applying ex-officio rights in talak divorce cases are rooted in Article 41 paragraph (c) of Law Number 16 of 2019 and the guidelines set by the Supreme Court.The judges decisions do not violate the principle of ultra petita, as they are based on logical arguments and factual considerations like the husbands financial capacity and the wifes dedication.Ultimately, the application of ex-officio rights aims to ensure fairness and protect the rights of the ex-wife, particularly in cases where she is unaware of her entitlements.

Further research could explore the effectiveness of ex-officio rights in achieving substantive justice for divorced women across different socio-economic backgrounds. A comparative study examining the application of ex-officio rights in other Islamic law jurisdictions could reveal best practices and potential improvements to the Indonesian system. Additionally, research investigating the awareness levels of divorced women regarding their rights and the role of legal aid organizations in empowering them to access justice is warranted. These studies should also consider the impact of cultural norms and societal pressures on the implementation of ex-officio rights and the overall outcomes for divorced women, aiming to identify strategies for overcoming barriers to equitable outcomes. Finally, a longitudinal study tracking the long-term financial and social well-being of divorced women who have benefited from ex-officio rights could provide valuable insights into the lasting impact of these legal provisions.

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  1. #women across#women across
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